around the double act of Stalin and Beria, living it up in the Kremlin on the hand signing death notices the other.
The Tories will probably seize on the fact that some of the Kremlin interiors were shot in 'Red Ken's' County Hall.
Britain in the Thursday 16 June BBC 2 THIS examination of Britain's answer to Hitler five of his former followers recalling their experiences. UnfortunateUnle adopts too much of make-you-own-mind-up approach With the future that youth have currently got to look forward to, can do without that.
However much you might 'racism is the means by which the state responds to crisis and in so doing divides the working class against itself. the point is not proven.
The strength of the book lies in its detail and in the mass of information it provides. Its weakness, lies in its simple dependence on facts.
Despite its shortcom.
ings, though, Whitelaw is very useful and should be read.
Whitelaw Paul Gordon Pluto Press, £2.95 By the turn of the centhis rationalist philosophy been challenged in the social natural sciences, notably_ by Marx Einstein in physics James Joyce would soon follow, but before them the cubists altered pictorial language for ever.
The cubists, essentially Georges Braque, Picasso Juan Gris, questioned the legitimacy of the single-view picture image. They argued that the world was fragmentary contradictory should be painted as such. Traditional repertory of it dispensed with tricks such perspective a single source of light..
While academic painters continued to create dexterous illusions of 'real' life, the cubists hoped to return painting to a material reality which recognised the complexities shaping our ways of seein is dificult now understand the passion hostility engendered by the movement, but intense debates raged both between individual cubists with painters other schools.
There were two cubist phases: the analytic the synthetic. The analytic phase, which lasted until 1912, is well awoul lustrated Braque's Clarinet and Bottle Rum on Mantelpiece 1911. A scrolled shelf, visible bottom right, supports the bottle which stands centrally in front of the clarinet. The use of muted greys browns discourages the emotional associations which often accompany vivid colours.
Light and shaded areas indicate volume and depti are selected quite arbitrarily.
Braque and Picasso often made humourous This tradition held that the artist was all-knowing but neutral, and could truthfully depict the real references in their work and one such touch is visi ble in the use of a nail and its shadow in une upper right corner. shadow traditional device to indicate depth situate the picture's alu planes (foreground, middeground, background) but : of course here it can only anchor the immediate vicinity since the rest of the picture is dislocated and fluid.
The word 'valse' refers to the clarinet, but then does it? The letters float on the surface of the painting and bear no compositional another ploy by Braque to break the conventional reading of a painting.
The synthetic phase of cubism involved reconstituting the fragmented image into a simpler composition. A key element in this reconstruction is the use of collage, paper cutouts pasted to the canvas. Althougn we Rave Decolle used collage (who has not cut-outs as child?) its use in 1912 represented a new and potent challenge to realism.
Collaged pieces
newspaper and wallpaper enabled the cubists eliminate all the illusory space which had lingered il in the analytic paintings. A Bottle, of Newspaper Pipe Glass 1913 by Braque. The background wall represented by fake wood paper with printed moulding which Braque has copied and extended in charcoal.
The wall is at the back of the composition - but the paper has been pasted on top of it! To further complicate outline of the bottle appears Doll on wie salt plane as the charcoal drawing of the wall and 'in of front' of the wallpaper.
There is also a pipe, or rather the outline of a pipe stencil-cut newspaper. Paradoxically Braque has shaded-in the absent pipe's bowl so that, given our traditional viewing habits, , we misread the pipe as being there rather than not there.
None which prevents Braque managing a harmonious and balanced composition the with a classical feel for the picture area.
Each painting in this exhibition will repay careful study to decipher Bottle, Newspaper, Pipe and Glass - George Braque the artist's intentions, including some clumsy or indecisive failures. But be • seen as a forerunner of another proexhibition arriving at the Royal Academy this Soviet Russia's art of the revolutionary period.
The Essential Cubism 1907-1920 Tate Gallery, London nearest Underground. Pimlico Until 10 July. weekdays 10-5.50.
Sundays 2-5.50.
Admission £2
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Thirties: Mosely Right or Wrong?
WHEN CUBISM was developed between 1907 and 1914, it challenged a 400 year old painting tradition.
Clarinet and Bottle of Rum on a Mantlepiece - George Braque